Lets us now consider the Gospels.
The chronology of their production is as follows:
Mark ,Matthew ,Luke and John. (of course there is a certain amount of “cross fertilization” between them).
But how then to account for the differences in the telling of the same story ?
They were of course each produced for a different and quite specific audience.
Mark .
The shortest of the Gospels it has no nativity ,the miracles and wonders are less “spectacular” than the later versions.
Some scholars postulate that it originally ended at chapter 15 with the women finding the empty tomb and with no reference to the resurrection (chapter 16 being added subsequently).
It provides the basic narrative.
Introduces the “divine” theme.
Sometimes supposed to be the Gospel of Peter ,narrated to Mark.
Mark was written in Alexandria by an early Jewish “proto-Christian” trying to provide a messianic mythology for the recently vanquished Jewish nation.
In the story that emerged, the Gospel of Mark, essentially, the author composites more than fifty 'micro-stories' (mainly healings and miracles, of the type told of Apollonius), sandwiched between a put-down of John the Baptist (whose followers were serious rivals to the early proto-Christians) and a dying-saviour sequence (of the kind then being officially promoted for the dead Antinous.
Matthew .
Based on the basic story of "Mark"
Written for consuption by the fragmented , dispersed and demoralised , Greek speaking Jewish audience ..... from where the majority of early christians were recruited ....
Hence the over reliance on the use of supposed prophecies....
Luke.
Written for the poorer classes of Gentiles across the Empire ,who were becoming the main focus of Evangelical recruitment under the "Pauline" re-direction of the early church. Lessens the "Jewish" nature of the tales.
John.
I will deal with this Gospel separately later.
Firstly ,of prime concern is the CENSUS.....
Census ..... what census ?
2;1 And it came to pass in those days ,that there went out a decree from Ceasar Augustus that all the world should be taxed.
But NO such census was ever decreed by any Ceasar.
2:2 And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was govenor of Syria.
Census during Cyrenius' time as govenor ,known to be 6-7CE.
Now although Judea was recently annexed to Syria it did not include Galilee,which as a client kingdom was still held by the Tetrarch Herod Antipas and thus would not be covered by such a census. (Note , Cyrenius'
census was on property and NOT a "head count".)
2:3 And all went to be taxed, everyone into his own city.
A completely impracticable method of conducting a census .....
in fact there is only one example of such a census being attempted.
The Egyptian "Kata Oikian"census of 104CE. is the ONLY census anywhere near the appropriate dates to require temporary city dwellers to return to their regular domiciles.
However ,apart from the incorrect date ,this census did not extend beyond the borders of Egypt.
It should also be noted that "Matthew" puts the nativity in the time of Herod the Great.... while Luke's linking of the nativity to Cyrenius puts it 10 years further forward. (Herod the Great died in 4BCE )
Many consider the two ,obviously different ,versions of the Nativity to be no more that the same story viewed from two different perspectives.
BUT even the most cursory reading of the two Nativities cannot fail to reveal two entirely different narratives ,and both completely fabricated.
Consider....
Matthew ....
Wise men and slaughtered innocents ,but no shepherds or angels.
The "Holy Family debunks in the middle of the night for Egypt.
Luke ....
Here we get Angels , shepherds AND a heavenly choir.
The Holy Family leaves for Jerusalem ,to present the child in the Temple , then returns to Nazareth.
Now which is it......? Egypt or Jerusalem .....? it surely cannot be both.
Herods Massacre.
"Herod ... sent out and had all the boys in Bethlehem and in all its districts done away with, from two years of age and under ... Then that was fulfilled which was spoken through Jeremiah the prophet, saying: 'A voice was being heard in Ramah, weeping and much wailing; it was Rachel weeping for her children and she was unwilling to take comfort, because they are no more.' " (Matt 2.16-18)
No other source mentions this mass killing – despite some detailing Herod's real crimes at great length.
For this supposed prophecy Matthew has switched his source to 'Jeremiah', whose commentary is actually on the 6th century BC Babylonian captivity. At verse 31.15 the oracle says:
“This is what Jehovah has said, 'In Ramah a voice is being heard, lamentation and bitter weeping; Rachel weeping over her sons. She has refused to be comforted over her sons, because they are no more.' ”
Are Rachel's sons 'no more'?
No, they are in Babylon and what's more God himself assures Rachel that they will be back in the very next verses:
"Hold back your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears ... they will certainly return from the land of the enemy. And there exists a hope for your future ... and the sons will certainly return to their own territory." (31.15,17)
Trip to Egypt.
Only Matthew tells the story of the holy family rushing off to Egypt to escape the murderous intent of Herod the Great.
According to Luke the blessed trio returned immediately to Nazareth ( via Jerusalem) without any concern for the wrath of the Jewish king.
But the Egyptian connection is vital to Matthew's purposes –his intention is to draw a parallel between Jesus , Moses and the Israelites .
Herod plays the part of “Pharaoh”, infants are killed, and “Israel” (="Jesus") is rescued.
Here Matthew quotes from “Hosea”, though without giving his source:
"So he got up and took along the young child and its mother by night and withdrew into Egypt, and he stayed there until the decease of Herod, for that to be fulfilled which was spoken by Jehovah through his prophet, saying: 'Out of Egypt I called my son.' " (Matt 2.14,15)
Perhaps if Matthew had admitted that he was selectively quoting from Hosea 11.1 informed listeners would have known that the reference is not a prophecy at all. Hosea is lamenting the 'degenerate vine' of Israel of his own day, unlike the chosen people at an earlier time:
“When Israel was a boy, then I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son.”
“Israel” and “son” here mean the Jewish people. In other words, any connection of the Hebrew exodus with Jesus is completely spurious – but it makes a good story.
And Finally
So careless is “Matthew” with his 'mis-quotations' of the prophets that he wrongly attributes one quote:
in referring to Judas's “thirty pieces of silver” (27.3,10) he maintains that the prophecy of 'Jeremiah' had been fulfilled – and yet it is 'Zechariah' (11.12-13) who used the phrase!
So in summary ....
Census trip to Bethlehem .........never happend
Slaughter of the innocents ....... never happend
Flight to Egypt.............. never happened
Finaly a clip from Wikipedeae ...
There are major difficulties in accepting Luke's account: the census in fact took place in AD 6, ten years after Herod's death in 4 BCE; there was no single census of the entire empire under Augustus; no Roman census required people to travel from their own homes to those of distant ancestors; and the census of Judea would not have affected Joseph and his family, living in Galilee; most scholars have therefore concluded that the author of Luke's gospel made an error.
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Long read, but interesting.
Watchman, have you read a David Fitzgerald?
@LN ...
No not yet...but his "10 Christian Myths" is on my "to get" list.